Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease that wreaks havoc on memory and thinking skills, as well as the capacity to carry out even the most basic tasks. The late-onset type symptoms develop in the majority of patients with the disease in their mid-60s.

Benign brain tumour

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Fits | Nausea | Vomiting

A benign brain tumour is a benign (non-cancerous) growth in the brain that does not infiltrate or extend to the spinal cord. Brain tumours that aren’t malignant tend to stay put. If you experience signs of a brain tumour, visit your doctor.

Related Conditions:

Brain tumours | Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer)

Brain abscess

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Sensory confusion | Temperature | Seizures

A brain abscess is a swelling in the brain that is filled with pus. A brain abscess is a life-threatening condition, despite the minimal probability of having one. As soon as possible, it should be detected and treated.

Related Conditions:

Abscess

Brain aneurysm

Symptoms Include:
Blurred vision | Nausea | Headache | Difficulty speaking

An aneurysm is a blood vessel bulging. A weakening in the blood vessel wall, generally where it branches, causes it. A brain aneurysm is discussed on this page. Unless it bursts (ruptures), a brain aneurysm rarely causes any symptoms.

Brain stem death

Symptoms Include:
Passed out | Pause in breathing

When the brain stem (a portion of the brain) stops working, it is called brain stem death. Without a machine (ventilator), the person will never be able to be awake or breathe if the brain stem ceases operating. When the brain stem stops operating, a person is declared dead.

Brain tumours

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Fits | Nausea | Vomiting

A brain tumour is the development of cells in the brain that multiply in an unregulated and unnatural manner. If you have any of the symptoms listed, especially if you have a severe and persistent headache, see a doctor. Even if you don’t have a brain tumour, these symptoms should be investigated.

Related Conditions:

Paralysis

Cerebral palsy

Symptoms Include:
Developmental problems | Delayed development | Weakness | Poor coordination

Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a range of lifelong conditions that impact mobility and coordination and are caused by a brain issue that happens before, during, or shortly after birth. If you have any concerns about your child’s health or development, talk to your health visitor or GP.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD)

Symptoms Include:
Cognitive decline | Dementia | Urinary incontinence

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an umbrella term for a multitude of disorders involving the brain’s small blood vessels.

Related Conditions:

Stroke | Dementia | Psychiatric disorder

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Symptoms Include:
Fatigue | Tiredness | Muscle pain | Pain | Headache

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term illness that manifests itself in a variety of ways. Extreme exhaustion is the most common symptom. ME is another name for CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis). Anyone, even children, might be affected by the illness. Women are more likely to have it. It usually appears between the ages of 20 and 40.

Concussion

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Dizziness | Nausea | Confused

A concussion is a brief brain injury induced by a head knock, blow, or jolt. It only lasts a few days or weeks in most cases. Despite the fact that it occasionally necessitates emergency care and that some people may experience long-term consequences (see the section on when to call 999).

Dementia

Symptoms Include:
Poor concentration | Mood change | Confused | Memory loss

Dementia is a very common disease. Dementia symptoms appear when the brain is injured. It can cause a progressive deterioration in one’s ability to understand and remember things.

Encephalitis

Symptoms Include:
Temperature | Headache | Sensory confusion

Inflammation of the brain caused by encephalitis is a rare but deadly disorder. It can be life-threatening and necessitates immediate hospitalisation (see symptoms of encephalitis). Anyone can be harmed, but the very young and elderly are the most vulnerable.

Epilepsy

Symptoms Include:
Fits | Passed out | Mood change | Twitches

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures (fits) in the brain. Seizures and the symptoms they induce range from one person to the next. Epilepsy can strike at any age, but it is most common in children.

Febrile seizures

Symptoms Include:
Temperature | Fits | Passed out | Twitches

When a child has a fever, he or she may experience febrile seizures (febrile convulsions). Between the ages of six months and three years, they are most common. This page explains febrile seizures, including the symptoms, causes, and what to do if one occurs.

Flat head syndrome (plagiocephaly and brachycephaly)

Symptoms Include:
A flat head

When babies are a few months old, they may have a flattened head. This can happen for a variety of reasons. Flat-head syndrome is the name for it. If you’re worried about your baby’s head shape, talk to your health visitor or GP.

Head and neck cancer

Symptoms Include:
Sneezing | Runny nose | Blocked nose | Itch

Cancer of the head and neck is a very uncommon cancer. If any of the symptoms listed are alarming you, see a doctor. It’s improbable that you’ll develop cancer, but if you do, getting a diagnosis as soon as possible can save your life.

Related Conditions:

Cancer

Head lice

Symptoms Include:
Infestation | Itch

Lice in the head are microscopic insects that dwell in the hair. Head lice hatch from nits, which are empty egg casings attaching to hair. They’re a prevalent issue, especially among schoolchildren aged 4 to 11. They’re mostly harmless, but if you don’t treat them, they can stay in your hair for a long time.

Headaches

Symptoms Include:
Headache

One of the most prevalent health problems is a headache. The majority of headaches aren’t dangerous and may be addressed quickly. If they’re so painful or frequent that they’re interfering with your daily activities, see a doctor. Headaches can be an issue in and of themselves, or they can be an indication of another sickness.

Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer)

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Fits | Nausea | Vomiting

A malignant brain tumour (brain cancer) can spread to the spinal cord or infect surrounding brain tissue. A benign or non-malignant tumour does not. If you have persistent tumour symptoms, visit your doctor. It’s improbable that it’s a tumour, but it’s better to be safe than sorry.

Related Conditions:

Brain tumours | Benign brain tumour

Meningitis

Symptoms Include:
Temperature | Vomiting | Headache | Stiff neck

The protective membranes (layers) that surround the brain and spinal cord are infected with meningitis. If not treated promptly, meningitis can be fatal. If you or your child appears to be extremely ill, dial 999 for an ambulance or go to your nearest emergency department.

Migraine

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Nausea | Vomiting | Light hurts

A migraine is a headache that is usually moderate or severe and causes throbbing pain on one side of the brain. It’s a rather frequent ailment. Around one in every five women and one in every 18 males suffers from migraines. They usually start while a person is in their early twenties.

Related Conditions:

Headaches

Minor head injury

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Nausea | Dizziness | Blurred vision

Minor head injuries are prevalent in persons of all ages, and only a small percentage of them result in long-term brain damage.

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Symptoms Include:
Tiredness | Fatigue | Reduced eyesight | Numbness | Muscle weakness

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It can produce a variety of symptoms, including eyesight, arm or leg mobility, feeling, and balance issues, as seen below. If you’re concerned that you may be showing early indications of MS, see your doctor.

Related Conditions:

Paralysis

Mumps

Symptoms Include:
Pain | Swelling | Temperature | Headache

The mumps virus causes a contagious sickness known as mumps. Prior to the advent of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination, it was very frequent among youngsters. If you suspect you or your kid has mumps, see your doctor very away to get a diagnosis.

Rett syndrome

Symptoms Include:
Muscle weakness | Difficulty feeding | Developmental problems | Difficulty walking

Rett syndrome is a rare hereditary condition that disrupts brain development and causes significant mental and physical disabilities. Rett syndrome affects some children more severely than others. In addition, the age at which symptoms initially develop differs for each child.

Severe head injury

Symptoms Include:
Passed out | Drowsy | Pain | Double vision

Severe head injuries necessitate prompt medical attention since significant brain damage is a possibility. If you’re with someone who has suffered a head injury and is experiencing any of the symptoms listed, call 999 immediately to request an ambulance.

Related Conditions:

Paralysis | Traumatic brain injury

Slapped cheek syndrome

Symptoms Include:
Rash | Temperature | Runny nose | Sore throat

Slapped cheek syndrome (fifth sickness) is a frequent ailment in youngsters that usually goes away after three weeks. It is rare in adults, but it can be more serious.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Stiff neck | Nausea | Light hurts

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a rare type of stroke that is caused by bleeding on the surface of the brain. It’s a dangerous condition that can lead to death. It is most common in adults between the ages of 45 and 70. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a subarachnoid haemorrhage, call an ambulance right away.

Subdural haematoma

Symptoms Include:
Headache | Nausea | Sensory confusion | Mood instability

Blood gathers between the skull and the surface of the brain in a subdural haematoma, which is a dangerous condition. A head injury is the most common cause. If you or someone else has suffered a severe head injury, you should seek emergency medical attention right once.

Related Conditions:

Traumatic brain injury

Tourette’s syndrome

Symptoms Include:
Tics | Twitches

Tourette’s syndrome is a neurological disorder that involves uncontrollable sounds and movements (tics). If you or your child develops tics, see a doctor. Many kids have tics for months before they grow out of them. Your child does not necessarily have Tourette’s syndrome if he or she has a tic.

Related Conditions:

Tics

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Symptoms Include:
Loss of consciousness | Headache | Vomiting | Nausea | Convulsions

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when the brain is damaged by a sudden, external physical assault. In adults, it is one of the most common causes of disability and death. TBI is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of damage to the brain.

Vitiligo

Symptoms Include:
Lack of skin colour

Vitiligo is a long-term skin disorder in which pale spots appear. The lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin causes it. It can affect any part of the body, although it most usually affects the face, neck, and hands.

Trigeminal neuralgia

Symptoms Include:
Pain

Trigeminal neuralgia is a type of facial discomfort that occurs suddenly (affecting the face). It’s typically described as sudden shooting pain in the jaw, teeth, or gums, or as an electric shock. If you have regular or persistent facial discomfort after a dentist has ruled out any dental causes, see a doctor.

Whiplash

Symptoms Include:
Pain | Stiffness | Muscle spasm | Headache

Whiplash is a type of neck injury produced by sudden forward, backward, or sideways movement of the head.

Zika virus

Symptoms Include:
Rash | Itch | Temperature | Headache

Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of the Zika virus. It’s a fairly minor infection that isn’t hazardous to most people. It may be more dangerous for pregnant women because it has been linked to birth abnormalities. If you’re planning a vacation to an affected area, get travel advice first.

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